波叶青牛胆 / 苦藤 / 心叶青牛胆 — Tinospora crispa (L.) Hook. f. & Thomson

Pinyin: Bōyè Qīngniúdǎn / Kǔténg · Malay: Patawali / Brotowali / Akar Seruntun / Putrawali · Family: Menispermaceae (防己科)

Energetics

Cold (寒)

Flavor

Extremely Bitter (极苦)

Meridians

Liver (肝), Stomach (胃), Large Intestine (大肠)

Traditional Edict

Purges toxic fire, dries dampness, halts intermittent malarial fevers (Jie Nue / 截疟), eliminates intestinal worms, and treats severe diabetes (kencing manis). Sovereign bitter vine of Malay Jamu.

Cautions & Contraindications

High unmonitored doses or prolonged use (>8 weeks) may induce idiosyncratic hepatic transaminase elevation; monitor liver enzymes. STRICTLY CONTRAINDICATED in pregnancy (abortifacient risk).

Clinical Applications

Type 2 Diabetes mellitus (insulin secretagogue and insulin sensitizer), acute malaria fevers (Plasmodium falciparum), hyperuricemic gout, and scabies.

Quality Markers

Borapetoside C (波尔派苷C) & Columbin >= 0.50% via HPLC (MHM standard)

Mechanism & Phytochemistry

1. Borapetoside C stimulates insulin secretion from pancreatic islets and upregulates GLUT4 translocation via IRS-1/Akt pathway. 2. Furanoditerpenes (columbin, tinocrisposide) inhibit Plasmodium parasite development. 3. Suppresses NF-kB and downregulates iNOS/COX-2.

Preparation & Dosage

Warty dried vine segments decocted 20-30 minutes: 5-10 g daily (caution: extreme bitterness). Standardized extract: 250-500 mg. Crushed vine juice for topical scabies wash.

Appended Prescriptions

1. Nanyang Anti-Diabetic Glycemic Decoction with Orthosiphon stamineus (Misai Kucing) and Momordica charantia. 2. Topical Scabies & Tinea Wash with Senna alata (Gelenggang).

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Yemama Apothecary · Petaling Jaya, Malaysia · For educational and clinical reference only