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    Yemama Apothecary

    Bencao Gangmu Reference Library

    Dengue-Febrifuge, Anti-Malarial & Insulin-Sensitizing Monarch (清热解毒 / 利湿退黄截疟退热平肝降糖通经止痛 — 东南亚丛林第一退热截疟神藤 / 登革热与疟疾克星 / 天然植物胰岛素)

    波叶青牛胆 / 苦藤 / 软筋藤 / 心叶青牛胆 / 细叶青牛胆 / 广防己同科 — Tinospora crispa (L.) Hook.f. & Thomson (syn. Menispermum crispum)

    Pinyin: Bōyè Qīngniúdǎn / Kǔténg / Ruǎnjīnténg · Malay: Patawali / Akar Seruntun / Batrawali / Andawali / Bratowali · Family: Menispermaceae (防己科)

    Botanical Illustration

    Energetics

    Cold (寒 / 苦寒)

    Flavor

    Overwhelmingly, purely, intensely bitter, slightly acrid, tongue-numbing (大苦、极苦、大寒、微辛、极麻舌)

    Meridians

    Liver (肝), Spleen (脾), Stomach (胃), Large Intestine (大肠)

    Traditional Edict

    Bitter Grape / Heavenly Vine (Patawali / Akar Seruntun / Bo Ye Qing Niu Dan). Warty succulent liana with pure ox-gall bitterness. King of Febrifuges and Herbal Insulin: terminates Dengue chills, extinguishes resistant malaria, stimulates insulin release in diabetes.

    Cautions & Contraindications

    • Avoid continuous mega-dosing (>30 g daily for >3 months; use in 3-week cycles to prevent hepatic strain). CONTRAINDICATED in active pregnancy (uterine-contracting dynamics). Monitor blood glucose with Insulin.

    Clinical Applications

    • Type 2 Diabetes mellitus (potent insulin secretagogue action via Borapetoside C), Dengue fever supportive recovery, chloroquine-resistant malaria (Plasmodium falciparum), and icteric hepatitis.

    Quality Markers

    Borapetoside A, B, C, F (Clerodane Diterpenes) >= 1.50%-2.80% & Berberine >= 0.40% (HPLC Chinese Pharmacopoeia)

    Mechanism & Phytochemistry

    1. Borapetoside C stimulates pancreatic beta-cell L-type calcium channels to trigger insulin exocytosis and activates skeletal AMPK/GLUT4. 2. Diterpenoids inhibit Dengue NS5 RNA polymerase and Plasmodium hemozoin.

    Preparation & Dosage

    THE SOVEREIGN PATAWALI GLYCEMIC & FEBRIFUGE DECOCTION: 10 to 15 g dried warty stem discs boiled with Misai Kucing and Morus alba leaf in 600 mL water for 25 min; taken warm twice daily before meals (intensely bitter). Dengue draught: 15 g with Hempedu Bumi.

    Appended Prescriptions

    • 1. The Sovereign Nanyang Master Antidiabetic Triad with Orthosiphon stamineus (Misai Kucing) and Hempedu Bumi. 2. Tropical Viral Dengue Recovery Draught with Carica papaya leaf juice.

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    Yemama Apothecary · Petaling Jaya, Malaysia · For educational and clinical reference only