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    Blood-Activating, Heat-Clearing & Stasis-Dispelling Tonic (活血化瘀清热解毒药)

    诺丽果 / 印度桑 / 海巴戟 — Morinda citrifolia L.

    Pinyin: Nuòlíguǒ / Yìndùsāng · Malay: Mengkudu / Mengkudu Besar · Family: Rubiaceae (茜草科)

    Botanical Illustration

    Energetics

    Cool to Neutral (凉 / 平)

    Flavor

    Pungent, slightly bitter, sour, astringent (辛、微苦、酸、涩)

    Meridians

    Liver (肝), Kidney (肾), Large Intestine (大肠)

    Traditional Edict

    Clears heat and expels toxic dampness (清热解毒), activates blood to dispel stasis and unblock vessels (活血通络), strengthens sinews and bones (强壮筋骨). Used in Nanyang Jamu/Ulam for postpartum recovery (bertungku), hypertension, lumbago, and arthritis.

    Cautions & Contraindications

    • High elemental potassium content (~56 mEq/L). STRICTLY CONTRAINDICATED in End-Stage Renal Disease (CKD Stages 4-5) due to hyperkalemia risk. Monitor with potassium-sparing diuretics/ACE inhibitors.

    Clinical Applications

    • Essential hypertension, metabolic syndrome (insulin resistance, hyperlipidemia), gouty arthritis, osteoarthritic cartilage preservation, macrophage immune activation, and wound repair.

    Quality Markers

    Scopoletin (东莨菪素) >= 0.10% & Deacetylasperulosidic acid

    Mechanism & Phytochemistry

    1. Scopoletin stimulates eNOS, elevating nitric oxide bioavailability to mediate vascular smooth muscle relaxation and lower blood pressure. 2. Scopoletin and deacetylasperulosidic acid selectively inhibit iNOS, COX-2, and PGE2. 3. Damnacanthal acts as a tyrosine kinase inhibitor and suppresses NF-kB transcription.

    Preparation & Dosage

    Traditional cold-fermented juice (Mengkudu Juice) aged 60-90 days: 30-60 mL daily. Dried fruit/leaf decoction: 10-20 g daily. Standardized extract: 500-1000 mg daily.

    Appended Prescriptions

    • 1. Nanyang Postpartum & Joint Poultice with Zingiber zerumbet (Lempoyang) and Curcuma xanthorrhiza (Temulawak). 2. Vascular Harmony Decoction with Orthosiphon (Misai Kucing) and Centella (Pegaga).

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    Yemama Apothecary · Petaling Jaya, Malaysia · For educational and clinical reference only