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    Yemama Apothecary

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    Landmark Antimalarial Schizontocidal & Cardiac Class IA Anti-Arrhythmic Monarch (截疟退热 / 清热解毒杀虫平喘定悸降压消痞治恶性疟疾间日疟恶性寒热往来阵发性室上性心动过速心房颤动 — 国际现代医学第一抗疟救世神木奎宁之母 / 恶性疟疾与心律失常药皇 / 茜草科极品喹啉生物碱仙树 / 窄治疗指数严禁超量)

    黄色金鸡纳树 / 金鸡纳皮 / 规那 / 奎宁树 / 鸡纳树 — Cinchona calisaya Wedd. (syn. Cinchona ledgeriana, Cinchona officinalis auct.)

    Pinyin: Jīnjīnàshù / Jīnjīnàpí / Guīnà · Malay: Pokok Kuinin / Kulit Kuinin / Pokok Kina / Quinine Tree / Yellow Cinchona / Ledger Bark · Family: Rubiaceae (茜草科 / 金鸡纳属)

    Botanical Illustration

    Energetics

    Cold, Intensely Bitter, Astringent (大寒 / 极苦大涩大寒)

    Flavor

    Intensely bitter, astringent, tongue-numbing (大苦、极苦、大涩、大寒、极苦麻舌)

    Meridians

    Liver (肝), Gallbladder (胆), Heart (心), Spleen (脾)

    Traditional Edict

    Quinine Tree / Ledger Bark (Pokok Kuinin / Jin Ji Na Pi / Gui Na). Andean rainforest tree with bitter red-brown bark. Landmark Savior of Global Medical History: Quinine halts intraerythrocytic Plasmodium falciparum malaria schizogony, while Quinidine serves as gold-standard Class IA anti-arrhythmic.

    Cautions & Contraindications

    • BLACK BOX CINCHONISM & CARDIAC TOXICITY WARNING: Overdose causes cinchonism (tinnitus, headache, visual blurring, vertigo), cardiac arrhythmias (QT prolongation, Torsades de pointes), and hemolysis in G6PD deficiency. ABSOLUTELY CONTRAINDICATED IN PREGNANCY (ABORTIFACIENT) AND G6PD DEFICIENCY.

    Clinical Applications

    • Severe and multidrug-resistant Plasmodium falciparum and Plasmodium vivax malaria (schizontocidal hemozoin crystal blockade via Quinine >= 5.0%), and cardiac supraventricular tachycardia/atrial fibrillation (Class IA anti-arrhythmic via Quinidine).

    Quality Markers

    Quinine (奎宁) >= 5.0%-12.0%, Quinidine (奎尼丁) >= 1.50% & Total Cinchona Alkaloids >= 8.0%-15.0% (HPLC international pharmacopoeial standard)

    Mechanism & Phytochemistry

    1. Quinine accumulates in plasmodial food vacuoles, inhibiting heme polymerase and causing toxic free heme lysis. 2. Quinidine blocks voltage-gated cardiac fast Na+ channels, prolonging action potential duration.

    Preparation & Dosage

    PURIFIED PHARMACEUTICAL DRUG: Quinine sulfate/dihydrochloride administered orally or IV under strict hospital medical oversight. TRADITIONAL BARK DECOCTION (STRICT MICRO-DOSE PROTOCOL): 1.0 to 3.0 g dried bark chips boiled in 300 mL water (NEVER EXCEED 4.0 g daily; narrow therapeutic window).

    Appended Prescriptions

    • 1. Standard Clinical Quinine & Artemisinin Antimalarial Synergy Regimen. 2. Classical Anti-Febrile Rigor Cinchona Draught with Artemisia annua (Qing Hao).

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    Yemama Apothecary · Petaling Jaya, Malaysia · For educational and clinical reference only