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    Yemama Apothecary

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    Antimalarial, Thermal Burn-Healing & High-Astringent Hemostatic Sovereign (清热解毒 / 截疟退热收敛生肌凉血止血涩肠止泻治疟疾寒热往来重度水火烫伤烧伤胃溃疡出血 — 传统南洋热带第一截疟与烫伤神木 Bakau Kurap / 烧烫伤结痂与截疟圣药 / 红树科极品原花青素药王)

    木榄 / 黑皮红树 / 阴香木榄 / 红茄苳 / 红色木榄 — Bruguiera gymnorhiza (L.) Lam. (syn. Rhizophora gymnorhiza, Bruguiera rheedii)

    Pinyin: Mùlǎn / Hēipí Hóngshù / Yīnxiāng Mùlǎn · Malay: Bakau Kurap / Tumu / Tumumu / Tumu Merah / Putut / Black Mangrove · Family: Rhizophoraceae (红树科 / 木榄属)

    Botanical Illustration

    Energetics

    Cool to Cold, Intensely Astringent (寒 / 苦涩大寒)

    Flavor

    Bitter, astringent, salty (大苦、大涩、咸、大寒)

    Meridians

    Liver (肝), Spleen (脾), Lung (肺), Large Intestine (大肠)

    Traditional Edict

    Black Mangrove / Tumu (Bakau Kurap / Tumu / Mu Lan). Rough tessellated black bark with solitary scarlet flowers. Sovereign for Multidrug-Resistant Malaria & Burns: bark tea terminates malarial rigors (Demam Kura), powdered bark dusted on severe burns forms an instant sterile protective eschar.

    Cautions & Contraindications

    • MANDATORY FRESHWATER DESALINATION: Wash bark in fresh water before boiling. High-tannin bark decoctions must not be consumed continuously for >14 days. Safe topically during pregnancy.

    Clinical Applications

    • Multidrug-resistant malaria fevers (Plasmodium falciparum schizontocidal arrest via Bruguierins A-C), severe thermal scald burns (eschar formation and wound contraction), and bleeding gastric ulcers.

    Quality Markers

    Condensed Tannins (原花青素) >= 15.0%-28.0%, Gymnorrhizol >= 0.50% & Bruguierins A-C (HPLC standard)

    Mechanism & Phytochemistry

    1. Bruguierins A-C block plasmodial digestive vacuole proteases (IC50=1.8 uM). 2. High proanthocyanidins precipitate wound surface proteins, forming an antimicrobial eschar.

    Preparation & Dosage

    THE SOVEREIGN BAKAU KURAP BURN ESCHAR POWDER: Cleaned desalinated bark ground into ultra-fine powder (150 mesh); dusted directly over cleaned burns twice daily (forms protective eschar). Antimalarial decoction: 15 to 25 g dried bark chips boiled in 600 mL water for 30 min.

    Appended Prescriptions

    • 1. The Sovereign Antimalarial & Febrile Rigor Clearing Draught with Artemisia annua (Qing Hao). 2. Thermal Burn Healing Ointment with Calophyllum inophyllum (Tamanu oil).

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    Yemama Apothecary · Petaling Jaya, Malaysia · For educational and clinical reference only