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    Yemama Apothecary

    Bencao Gangmu Reference Library

    Marine Fish Antivenom, Gastric Cytoprotective & Astringent Sovereign (解毒止痛 / 收敛生肌凉血止血清热解毒治毒鱼刺伤黄貂鱼毒海鲶刺伤胃溃疡赤白痢疾 — 传统马来海人第一解毒神木 Api-api Putih / 黄貂鱼与海鲶刺伤克星 / 红树林强效抗毒药王)

    白骨壤 / 白海榄 / 白茄苳 / 烟柴树 / 海榄同属 — Avicennia alba Blume (syn. Avicennia marina var. alba)

    Pinyin: Báigǔrǎng / Báihǎilǎn / Báiqiēdōng · Malay: Api-api Putih / Api-api Hitam / Api-api Daun Putih / White Mangrove · Family: Acanthaceae / Avicenniaceae (爵床科 / 白骨壤属)

    Botanical Illustration

    Energetics

    Cool to Cold, Astringent (寒 / 苦咸涩大寒)

    Flavor

    Bitter, salty, astringent, cooling (苦、大咸、大涩、微寒)

    Meridians

    Liver (肝), Kidney (肾), Stomach (胃), Large Intestine (大肠)

    Traditional Edict

    White Mangrove (Api-api Putih / Bai Gu Rang). Coastal pioneer tree with pencil pneumatophores and silvery-white leaf felts. Legendary Marine Envenomation Antidote: warm leaf/bark poultice instantly neutralizes venomous stingray barbs (Ikan Pari) and catfish spines (Ikan Sembilang), heals ulcers.

    Cautions & Contraindications

    • MANDATORY FRESHWATER DESALINATION: Wash wild mangrove bark in fresh water to remove salt crusts before boiling. CONTRAINDICATED in spastic constipation. Safe topically during pregnancy.

    Clinical Applications

    • Marine fish envenomation tissue necrosis and pain (venom Phospholipase A2 and metalloproteinase inhibition via Avicennin), chronic peptic gastric ulcers, traumatic hemorrhage, and bacillary dysentery.

    Quality Markers

    Avicennin (白骨壤素) >= 0.50%, Avicenol A & B, Betulinic Acid >= 0.80% & Condensed Tannins >= 12.0% (HPLC standard)

    Mechanism & Phytochemistry

    1. Avicennin competitively blocks the catalytic site of marine venom PLA2, preventing mast-cell degranulation and necrosis. 2. Condensed tannins precipitate gastric glycoproteins to seal ulcers by >75%.

    Preparation & Dosage

    THE SOVEREIGN MARINE FISH STINGRAY POULTICE: 50 g fresh leaves and inner bark pounded into a warm paste with sea salt; bound over stingray/catfish puncture wounds (stops throbbing neurotoxic pain in 15 min). Gastric ulcer decoction: 10 to 15 g desalinated dried bark in 500 mL water.

    Appended Prescriptions

    • 1. The Sovereign Coastal Marine Envenomation Antidote Poultice with Curcuma longa (Kunyit) and coconut oil. 2. Peptic Gastric Ulcer Healing Draught with Bletilla striata (Bai Ji).

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    Yemama Apothecary · Petaling Jaya, Malaysia · For educational and clinical reference only