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    Yemama Apothecary

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    Heat-Clearing, Phlegm-Transforming & Antimalarial Febrifuge (清热解毒 / 止咳平喘截疟止痢消肿止痛药)

    糖胶树 / 象皮树 / 白板树 / 盆架树 — Alstonia scholaris (L.) R.Br. (syn. Echites scholaris)

    Pinyin: Tángjiāoshù / Xiàngpíshù · Malay: Pokok Pulai / Pulai / Pulai Basong · Family: Apocynaceae (夹竹桃科)

    Botanical Illustration

    Energetics

    Cold (寒), Mildly Toxic in excessive unboiled latex (微毒)

    Flavor

    Bitter, astringent (苦、涩)

    Meridians

    Lung (肺), Liver (肝), Large Intestine (大肠)

    Traditional Edict

    Scholar Tree (Blackboard Tree). Elephant skin corky bark exuding white milky latex. Powerfully drains toxic fire, diffuses Lung to stop cough, terminates malarial pestilence (Demam Kura), and halts dysentery.

    Cautions & Contraindications

    • Overdose causes nausea, vomiting, dizziness, and bradycardia. Never exceed 15 g daily internally. STRICTLY CONTRAINDICATED in severe Spleen deficiency cold diarrhea, pregnancy, and bradyarrhythmias.

    Clinical Applications

    • Bronchial asthma, chronic spasmodic bronchitis, chloroquine-resistant Plasmodium falciparum/vivax malaria, acute bacillary dysentery (Shigella), and purulent skin ulcers.

    Quality Markers

    Echitamine, Ditamine, Picrinine >= 0.50% & Alstonine (HPLC/LC-MS MHM standard)

    Mechanism & Phytochemistry

    1. Echitamine and ditamine inhibit plasmodial hemozoin crystallization in food vacuoles, lysing malaria parasites. 2. Picrinine non-competitively blocks muscarinic M3 receptors in tracheal smooth muscle, relieving asthma without respiratory depression. 3. Lupeol acetate downregulates TNF-a.

    Preparation & Dosage

    Dried sliced inner trunk bark (Kulit Pulai) decocted 25-30 minutes: 6-12 g daily (up to 15 g in acute malaria). Swallowed as fine powder: 1-3 g. Fresh milky sap applied topically to boils and tooth cavities.

    Appended Prescriptions

    • 1. The Sovereign Nanyang Anti-Malarial Synergy with Tinospora crispa (Patawali) and Andrographis paniculata. 2. Lung-Clearing Antitussive Decoction with Platycodon (Jie Geng) and Scutellaria.

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    Yemama Apothecary · Petaling Jaya, Malaysia · For educational and clinical reference only