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    Yemama Apothecary

    Bencao Gangmu Reference Library

    Antimalarial Schizontocidal, Antihypertensive & Febrifuge Sovereign (截疟退热 / 清热解毒平肝降压散瘀止痛接骨生肌健胃消食 — 传统南洋热带抗疟第一拔地榄 / 菲律宾国家药用神木 Batino / 降血压与外伤生肌树皮药王)

    大叶黑板树 / 大叶乳木 / 阔叶盆架树 / 拔地榄 / 山黑板树 — Alstonia macrophylla Wall. ex G.Don (syn. Alstonia costata)

    Pinyin: Dàyè Hēibǎnshù / Dàyè Rǔmù / Bádìlǎn · Malay: Pulai Bukit / Pulai Penipu Bukit / Batino / Pulai Daun Besar / Hard Milkwood · Family: Apocynaceae (夹竹桃科 / 盆架树属)

    Botanical Illustration

    Energetics

    Cool (微寒 / 苦辛凉)

    Flavor

    Bitter, acrid, astringent, slightly sweet (大苦、辛、微涩、凉)

    Meridians

    Liver (肝), Lung (肺), Spleen (脾), Stomach (胃)

    Traditional Edict

    Hard Milkwood / Batino (Pulai Bukit / Da Ye Hei Ban Shu / Ba Di Lan). Colossal hill tree with whorls of large leaves and bitter bark. Supreme Antimalarial & Antihypertensive Sovereign: kills chloroquine-resistant Plasmodium falciparum parasites, terminates fevers, lowers high blood pressure.

    Cautions & Contraindications

    • Monitor blood pressure when combined with prescription antihypertensives. CONTRAINDICATED in active pregnancy (uterine-stimulating dynamics). Safe during lactation.

    Clinical Applications

    • Multidrug-resistant malaria (intraerythrocytic schizontocidal arrest via Villalstonine and Macrocarpamine, IC50=0.27 uM), Stage 1-2 essential hypertension (arteriolar vasodilation via Alstomacroline), and sprains.

    Quality Markers

    Villalstonine >= 0.30%, Macrocarpamine, Alstomacroline & Total Bisindole Alkaloids >= 1.80% (HPLC standard)

    Mechanism & Phytochemistry

    1. Dimeric bisindole alkaloids (villalstonine) inhibit parasite beta-hematin polymerization, triggering intraparasitic oxidative lysis. 2. Alstomacroline blocks vascular smooth muscle calcium channels.

    Preparation & Dosage

    THE SOVEREIGN PULAI BUKIT ANTIMALARIAL DECOCTION: 15 to 20 g dried bark chips boiled with Hempedu Bumi (15 g) and Halia Bara in 600 mL water for 25 min; taken warm twice daily. Hypertension tea: 15 g bark boiled with Gou Teng (12 g).

    Appended Prescriptions

    • 1. The Sovereign Tropical Malaria Quadriad with Hempedu Bumi, Qing Hao, and Patawali. 2. Hypertensive Crisis Draught with Uncaria rhynchophylla (Gou Teng).

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    Yemama Apothecary · Petaling Jaya, Malaysia · For educational and clinical reference only